Dcontrol provides commercial truck and trailer plate check based on a vehicle`s past DOT inspection history.
IL

581784S

Main Info

Make STOUGHTON TRAILERS
Model Stoughton trailers
Model Year 2017
Vehicle Type TRAILER
Body Class Trailer
Trailer Body Type Van Trailer
Manufacturer Name STOUGHTON TRAILERS, INC.
VIN 1DW1A532XHB731606

Additional records for 1DW1A532XHB731606

auction.svg

Auction Sales

brand2.svg

Photos

odometer.svg

Odometer

damage.svg

Accidents

safety.svg

Recalls

Additional Info

Vin 1DW1A532XHB731606
Manufactured In UNITED STATES
Production Seq Number 731606
Axles 2
Possible Values (11:S)
Suggested Vin 1DW1A532XHS731606
Trailer Length Feet 53
Trailer Type Connection Straight Semi/Semi Trailer

Reports and Complaints


You can leave a report or complaint if you witness unsafe driving of a vehicle with a license plate 581784ST . By leaving a report or complaint, you will help bring an unsafe driver to justice and will make the road safer and could decrease the number of injuries and fatalities including trucks

Active   MC-692120 USDOT 1943083
Lombard, IL, 60148
Date State Unit Make Vin
26-MAY-23 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
11-FEB-23 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
24-SEP-20 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
23-NOV-19 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
27-OCT-18 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
18-MAR-18 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
08-MAR-18 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
01-FEB-18 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
24-JAN-18 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
07-DEC-17 ID STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
14-NOV-17 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
05-AUG-17 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
26-JUL-17 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
08-OCT-16 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
20-JUL-16 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606
08-JUN-16 IL STOU 1DW1A532XHB731606

Inspection Date 26-MAY-23 Report# NV7245020232


Inspection Id: 708682203
Inspection date: 26-MAY-23
Inspection State: NV
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Walk-around
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Hazmat violations: 1
Hazmat placard required: Y
Hazmat violations:
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y
Hazmat inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# NV7245020232

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Volvo IL P11227580 4V4NC9EHXNN291203
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Volvo
IL
P11227580
4V4NC9EHXNN291203
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
VOLVO TRUCK VNL 2022 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 11-FEB-23 Report# WAW420005739


Inspection Id: 700585920
Inspection date: 11-FEB-23
Inspection State: WA
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Walk-around
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Hazmat violations: 2
Hazmat placard required: Y
Hazmat violations:
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y
Hazmat inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# WAW420005739

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Volvo IL P1157384 4V4NC9EH3PN337165
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Volvo
IL
P1157384
4V4NC9EH3PN337165
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer

Inspection Date 24-SEP-20 Report# IL3911120042


Inspection Id: 638394138
Inspection date: 24-SEP-20
Inspection State: IL
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# IL3911120042

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P990865 3AKJGLD51FSGF3155
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P990865
3AKJGLD51FSGF3155
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2015 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 23-NOV-19 Report# NM3248118487


Inspection Id: 619892865
Inspection date: 23-NOV-19
Inspection State: NM
Number of violations: 2
Inspection Status: Walk-around
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Vehicle Maintenance violations: 2
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# NM3248118487

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P986845 3AKJHHDR8KSKE7233
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P986845
3AKJHHDR8KSKE7233
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER New Cascadia 126" Sleepercab 2019 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Violations for Inspection Report# 619892865

Violation Code Violation Type Description Unit OOS
39355E Brakes All Others No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator Lamp for trailer manufactured after 03/01/1998 Trailer No
Unit
OOS
Code
Type
Description
Trailer
No
39355E
Brakes All Others
No or Defective ABS Malfunction Indicator Lamp for trailer manufactured after 03/01/1998
39375C Tires Tire-other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch measured in a major tread groove Trailer No
Unit
OOS
Code
Type
Description
Trailer
No
39375C
Tires
Tire-other tread depth less than 2/32 of inch measured in a major tread groove

Inspection Date 27-OCT-18 Report# CAA164474537


Inspection Id: 585028683
Inspection date: 27-OCT-18
Inspection State: CA
Number of violations: 1
Inspection Status: Full
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Vehicle Maintenance violations: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# CAA164474537

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P892615 1FUJGLD50GLGY5824
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P892615
1FUJGLD50GLGY5824
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2016 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Violations for Inspection Report# 585028683

Violation Code Violation Type Description Unit OOS
3963A1 Wheels Studs Clamps Etc. Inspection repair and maintenance of parts & accessories Trailer No
Unit
OOS
Code
Type
Description
Trailer
No
3963A1
Wheels Studs Clamps Etc.
Inspection repair and maintenance of parts & accessories

Inspection Date 18-MAR-18 Report# MTL203001742


Inspection Id: 564715827
Inspection date: 18-MAR-18
Inspection State: MT
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Walk-around
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# MTL203001742

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P892615 1FUJGLD50GLGY5824
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P892615
1FUJGLD50GLGY5824
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2016 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 08-MAR-18 Report# TNBBAN019165


Inspection Id: 563896278
Inspection date: 08-MAR-18
Inspection State: TN
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# TNBBAN019165

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Volvo IL P707650 4V4NC9EH9DN143350
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Volvo
IL
P707650
4V4NC9EH9DN143350
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
VOLVO TRUCK VNL 2013 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 01-FEB-18 Report# CAA148173192


Inspection Id: 561019788
Inspection date: 01-FEB-18
Inspection State: CA
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Full
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# CAA148173192

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Volvo IL P707650 4V4NC9EH9DN143350
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Volvo
IL
P707650
4V4NC9EH9DN143350
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
VOLVO TRUCK VNL 2013 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 24-JAN-18 Report# KSHP93404708


Inspection Id: 560065095
Inspection date: 24-JAN-18
Inspection State: KS
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# KSHP93404708

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Volvo IL P707650 4V4NC9EH9DN143350
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Volvo
IL
P707650
4V4NC9EH9DN143350
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
VOLVO TRUCK VNL 2013 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 07-DEC-17 Report# KYCV44460268


Inspection Id: 556418493
Inspection date: 07-DEC-17
Inspection State: KY
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Full
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Hazmat violations: 1
Hazmat placard required: Y
Hazmat violations:
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y
Hazmat inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# KYCV44460268

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P938505 3AKJGLD56FSGF3149
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU ID 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P938505
3AKJGLD56FSGF3149
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
ID
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2015 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 14-NOV-17 Report# IN8283006514


Inspection Id: 554495877
Inspection date: 14-NOV-17
Inspection State: IN
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# IN8283006514

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P641396 1FUJBBCG33LK61573
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P641396
1FUJBBCG33LK61573
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER CST120 2003 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 05-AUG-17 Report# MT2063000007


Inspection Id: 546578019
Inspection date: 05-AUG-17
Inspection State: MT
Number of violations: 2
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Unsafe Driving violations: 1
Hours-of-Service violations: 1
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# MT2063000007

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P916063 3AKJGLDR7JSJP4896
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P916063
3AKJGLDR7JSJP4896
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2018 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Violations for Inspection Report# 546578019

Violation Code Violation Type Description Unit OOS
3922SLLS2 State/Local Laws - Speeding 6-10 miles per hour over the speed limit. Driver No
Unit
OOS
Code
Type
Description
Driver
No
3922SLLS2

State/Local Laws - Speeding 6-10 miles per hour over the speed limit.
3958 Other Log/Form & Manner Record of Duty Status violation (general/form and manner) Driver No
Unit
OOS
Code
Type
Description
Driver
No
3958
Other Log/Form & Manner
Record of Duty Status violation (general/form and manner)

Inspection Date 26-JUL-17 Report# CAA156884053


Inspection Id: 544863159
Inspection date: 26-JUL-17
Inspection State: CA
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Full
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# CAA156884053

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P916063 3AKJGLDR7JSJP4896
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P916063
3AKJGLDR7JSJP4896
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2018 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 08-OCT-16 Report# NM3738100342


Inspection Id: 520429122
Inspection date: 08-OCT-16
Inspection State: NM
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Full
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y
Vehicle Maintenance inspection: Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# NM3738100342

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P848123 3AKJGLD55FSGF3367
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P848123
3AKJGLD55FSGF3367
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2015 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 20-JUL-16 Report# WAS64C028717


Inspection Id: 513531513
Inspection date: 20-JUL-16
Inspection State: WA
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# WAS64C028717

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P858036 3AKJGLD56FSGF3152
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P858036
3AKJGLD56FSGF3152
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2015 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Inspection Date 08-JUN-16 Report# CA1469700781


Inspection Id: 510654330
Inspection date: 08-JUN-16
Inspection State: CA
Number of violations: No
Inspection Status: Driver-Only
Time weight of the inspection: 3
Unsafe Driving inspection : Y
Hours-of-Service inspection: Y
Driver Fitness inspection: Y
Alcohol Controlled Subst : Y

Vehicle Information for Inspection Report# CA1469700781

Unit Unit Type Unit Make Unit State License Plate Unit VIN
1 TRUCK TRACTOR Freightliner IL P858036 3AKJGLD56FSGF3152
2 SEMI-TRAILER STOU IL 581784ST 1DW1A532XHB731606
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License Plate
Unit VIN
1
TRUCK TRACTOR
Freightliner
IL
P858036
3AKJGLD56FSGF3152
Unit
Unit Type
Unit Make
Unit State
License License
Unit VIN
2
SEMI-TRAILER
STOU
IL
581784ST
1DW1A532XHB731606
Make Model Year Vehicle Type Body Class
STOUGHTON TRAILERS Stoughton trailers 2017 TRAILER Trailer
FREIGHTLINER Cascadia 2015 TRUCK Truck-Tractor

Previously searched license plates

Last Checked Plates With Photo

Dcontrol provides commercial truck and trailer license plates check based on a vehicle`s past DOT inspection history.

Please be aware that the information obtained using Dcontrol.com searches may not always be accurate and up to date as we do not create, verify, or guarantee the accuracy or the amount of information provided through Dcontrol.com. Data availability is largely dependent on various public sources from which the information is aggregated. By using the services offered through this website you agree to comply with all of the conditions set forth in our terms and privacy disclosure. The information obtained from Dcontrol.com is not to be used for any unlawful purposes. Violators may be subject to civil and criminal litigation and penalties. All searches are subject to our terms and applicable laws.